Hydrocarbons are also called hydrocarbon solvents or hydrocarbons, and consist of two elements, carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbon cleaning agents can be divided into normal hydrocarbons, isomeric hydrocarbons, naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Its characteristics are as follows: 1. It has strong cleaning power for metal processing oil. Due to the small surface tension, the cleaning effect of fine slits and pores is good; 2. It has good compatibility with liquid crystal dirt, especially biphenyl-based dirt; 3. It does not corrode metals; 4. It has little effect on resin → normal hydrocarbons, isomeric hydrocarbons, and naphthenes. 5. Most hydrocarbon-based cleaning agents can be recycled after distillation, which is economical to use.
Physical and chemical properties
Type: Flammable liquid
Appearance: colorless transparent liquid
Density: 0.75±0.02 g/mL
CAS No.: 68919-17-5
Flash point: ≥35℃
Relative density (specific gravity): 0.69+±0.01 (water=1)
Evaporation rate: 0.35-0.5 (BUAC=1.0)
Solubility: insoluble in water
Smell: slight
Production method: Distilled crude oil
Main ingredients: n-hexane and other low-carbon alkane mixtures
Hydrocarbon cleaning agent formula
Nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, potassium chloride, sodium metasilicate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate;
Type/composition of hydrocarbon cleaning agent
The distillate solvent obtained by distilling crude oil is called petroleum-based, petroleum-based hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon-based, hydrocarbon (hydrocarbon), industrial gasoline, etc., and its definition is not yet clear. Hydrocarbons, as the name suggests, are just compounds composed of two elements. In the past, the kerosene refined from crude oil was used directly as a cleaning agent. Due to its odor, ignitability, and dryness, it was gradually not used.
Most of the hydrocarbon-based cleaning agents used today are not simply refined products of crude oil distillation, but chemically synthesized products or products that have undergone advanced refining treatments. Hydrocarbon-based cleaning agents are good and have little odor. The kerosene fraction is extracted through molecular sieve, and the boiling point is adjusted by distillation. There are also single-component substances.
★ Isomerized hydrocarbons: saturated chain hydrocarbons with the structural formula CnH2n+2. The chemical structure of the straight-chain normal hydrocarbon phase can be divided into four categories: normal hydrocarbon system, heterogeneous hydrocarbon system, cycloalkane and aromatic hydrocarbon.
★ Normal hydrocarbons: saturated chain hydrocarbons with the structural formula of CnH2n+1. The stability ratio of linear hydrocarbons is that heterogeneous hydrocarbons have branched chains, which is also safe and has less odor. Mostly made by synthesis.
★ Cycloalkane: CnH2n saturated chain hydrocarbon. The number of carbon atoms is different, and there may be simple cyclic alkanes, cyclic alkanes having side chains, and the like. From the structural point of view, the solubility is better than that of chain hydrocarbons, but the stability and odor are slightly worse. Generally, crude oil containing many naphthenic hydrocarbons is distilled or nuclear water is added to the aromatic system.
★ Aromatic hydrocarbons: Containing benzene ring, strong dissolving power, now less used because of concerns about its toxicity.
Cleaning principle of hydrocarbon cleaning agent
Hydrocarbon cleaning agent is based on the solvent's dissolving power. The degreasing mechanism based on the solubility to oil or oily pollution is: the principle of similar compatibility. Hydrocarbons such as gasoline and kerosene are easy to dissolve heavy oil, and other hydrocarbons are easily miscible with similar halogenated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane, etc.). Water energy is also based on the miscibility of compounds with OH similar to water, such as R-COOH (lower fatty acids), R-OH (lower alcohols), etc. The solubility between different liquids is closely related to surface tension and interfacial tension. For example, the surface tension of solvents such as benzene and naphthenes is not much different from the surface tension of tar and lubricating oil, and the interfacial tension value between the two is approximately easily miscible. Regarding the solubility of the solvent to grease or oily dirt, the lower the temperature of the solute separation during the cooling of the solution at a certain temperature in different solvents, the greater the solubility of the solute.
Factors affecting the effect of hydrocarbon cleaning agent
In addition to the solvent's dissolving power, the factors that affect the cleaning power are also influenced by physical forces such as heat, stirring, friction, pressurization, decompression, grinding, and ultrasound. Not only one of these factors is considered, but all factors can be considered in order to improve the cleaning effect.
★ Physical force: heating promotes the reaction of other cleaning factors, physical changes of dirt, and physical properties of the objects to be cleaned.
★ Ultrasonic: cavitation, acceleration, strong peeling and dispersion caused by direct flow caused by ultrasound.
★ Stirring: In order to promote the stirring of the contact between the cleaned surface and the fresh cleaning liquid, the dirt after the homogenization (shake, improve the cleaning effect, mechanically promote the peeling of the dirt on the cleaned surface, disperse the peeling rotation) in the cleaning solution In order to prevent the re-adhesion of the cleaning surface.
★ Decompression: soak the decompression fluid into fine places to swell and remove dirt. According to the above factors that affect the cleaning power, the design and configuration of hydrocarbon cleaning equipment should be targeted.
How to use hydrocarbon cleaner
1. Simple manual brushing and spraying can be used to remove dirt on the product.
2. Immersion can be used to assist evaporation and ultrasonic cleaning to improve efficiency.
3. It is suitable for cleaning all kinds of special contaminants, as well as the automatic cleaning process, and can be equipped with drying and distillation recovery equipment.
Precautions for hydrocarbon cleaning agent
1. The product should be placed in a cool, dry and ventilated place, not with general chemicals.
2. The use of this product requires fire prevention and anti-static measures.
3. During transportation, please take care of it, do not step on it, so as to avoid product leakage and cause danger.
4. Due to its volatility, please pay attention to the safety of the cleaning environment, it is best not to be close to fire or high temperature objects.
Fire protection strategy of hydrocarbon cleaning agent
1. Control gas concentration;
a. Install external exhaust facilities
Due to the evaporation of the liquid surface of the cleaning device, the operation of taking out non-cleaning objects, containers, etc. makes the concentration of cleaning gas around the cleaning tank high, so the cleaning device is equipped with a mandatory exhaust function outside. For the open cleaning device without cover, the cleaning must be fully ventilated.
b. Use under the condition of low ignition point temperature
The temperature of the open cleaning tank should be below 15℃. This is because the alarm bell of the gas leak detector is set at 1/4 of the lower explosion limit, and the equivalent vapor pressure is converted into a temperature of about 15°C or less at the ignition point. In summer or when combined with ultrasound, the liquid temperature easily rises to 35°C, so you should choose a substance with a flash point above 50°C.
2. Cut off the ignition source
a. Isolate point sources such as sparks and open flames. b. Use explosion-proof electrical components. c. In order to prevent the accumulation of static electricity, the washing machine should be completely grounded.
3. Install gas concentration detector
The gas concentration detector monitors the leakage gas concentration at any time, and can give an alarm when the vapor concentration is close to the explosion limit;
Advantages of hydrocarbon cleaning agent
1. Good cleaning performance. Hydrocarbon cleaning agent is non-polar in petroleum fractions with most lubricating oils, anti-rust oils, and machining oils. According to the principle of similar compatibility, hydrocarbon cleaning agents clean mineral oils better than halogenated hydrocarbons and water. Based cleaning agent.
2. The evaporation loss is small. The hydrocarbon cleaning agent has a high boiling point, and the volatile loss is small during use and storage, and the sealing requirements of the packaging and equipment are very low.
3. Very low toxicity. Through toxicological tests, the absorption and discharge toxicity, oral toxicity and skin contact toxicity of the hydrocarbon cleaning agent are all ultra-low toxicity, and they are not carcinogenic substances. The cleaning operators are safer to use.
4. Good material compatibility. The hydrocarbon cleaning agent does not contain water, chlorine, sulfur and other corrosives, and will not cause corrosion and oxidation of various metal materials. Hydrocarbon cleaning agents are also non-polar solvents, and do not dissolve, swell and embrittle most plastics and rubbers.
5. Can be completely volatilized without traces. Hydrocarbon cleaning agent is a very pure refined solvent. It can completely volatilize at room temperature and under heating without any residue.
6. No damage to the environment. Hydrocarbon cleaning agent can be degraded automatically, and the cleaning waste liquid can be put into coal-fired or oil-fired boilers for incineration. The incineration products are mainly CO2 and water, which does not pollute the air. Hydrocarbon cleaning agent does not contain chlorine, and its ozone destruction coefficient is zero.
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